As a representative, the thalamus was divided according to the grain of the tissue, which corresponded to the typical taxonomy. MRI = magnetic resonance image, T = Tesla, DTI = diffusion tensor image.ĭetailed structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum were observed on the sectioned images. Images are at the levels of ( A) the crown, ( B) body of corpus callosum, ( C) lentiform nucleus, ( D) horizontal 0-mm plane containing anterior commissure (yellow arrow) and posterior commissure (green arrow head), and ( E) neck. Sectioned images, T1 MRIs, T2 MRIs, and DTIs on the horizontal planes. The placed head was embedded in a gelatin solution and frozen again ( Fig. To align the head according to the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes of the MRIs, the reference lines on the skin were matched to the cross line laser. After freezing, the cadaver head was detached from the rest of body and placed on an embedding box. The cadaver was frozen in a deep freezer at –70 degrees Celsius. 20 By observing the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes on the volume model, the reference lines for the alignment could be drawn on the skin according to the radiologic markers. The MRIs were volume reconstructed using MRIcroGL software. ( D) Embedding box including the head placed on the cryomacrotome, the head sectioned at 0.04-mm intervals, and frost on the sectioned surface being wiped away.Ĭlick for larger image Download as PowerPoint slide ( C) Cadaveric head being placed on the embedding box using a cross line laser device for the alignment. ( B) The anterior commissure-posterior commissure line indicated as red lines on the horizontal and sagittal planes of the volume model made from the MRIs. ( A) Cadaveric head with the radiologic markers on skin being scanned for MRIs. Overall production process of cadaver images. The advanced images enabled the observation of minute structures that were not visible in the previous images. In addition, the 3T MRIs and DTIs of the same cadaver were presented together. The purpose of this study was to produce advanced sectioned images of the head with a higher resolution than previous sectioned images. 17 Moreover, the sectioned images in 2009 were not accompanied by 3T MRIs and diffusion tensor images (DTIs) that can be the reference data for interpreting radiologic images. 16 These detailed structures should be identified to provide a morphological background to neuroscience research. On the other hand, the resolution of the images made in 2009 was insufficient to observe detailed structures, such as each nuclei of the thalamus, 13 deep nuclei in the cerebellum, 14 brainstem nuclei, 15 and the connections of each fiber in the brain white matter. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Currently, real color sectioned images of Visible Korean are essential materials for learning neuroanatomy, sectional anatomy, and radiology and have opened a new chapter of sophisticated gross anatomy research. Moreover, surface and volume models of diverse head structures have been produced. Using the sectioned images and segmented data, two dimensional applications for personal computers 4, 5 and android mobile devices 6 have been produced for widespread use. Neuroanatomy atlases, consisting of only sectioned images 2 and sectioned images with 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance images (MRIs), 3 have been published. 1 Owing to the real color (48 bits color) and small voxel size (0.1 mm × 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm) of the images, various outcomes for medical education and research were produced. In 2009, the sectioned images of a cadaver head were produced as a part of the Visible Korean.
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